A.mRNA is created by using a DNA template. B.mRNA codons are joined by tRNA anticodons to assemble amino acids to form a protein. C.Protein is formed when a polypeptide chain is broken apart and released from ribosome.
Answer:
Heterotrimeric G protein that separates into α and βγ subunits.
Explanation:
G proteins that activate adenylyl cyclase are trimers of three different subunits. These are named alpha, beta and gamma subunits. The alpha subunit has a nucleotide-binding site called Gs. Binding of GTP to Gs activates it which in turn activates adenylyl cyclase. When the nucleotide-binding site of G-protein is occupied by GDP, it is inactive.
Binding of a signaling molecule such as epinephrine facilitates the displacement of bound GDP by GTP and converting the Gs into its active form. As Gs is activated, the beta and gamma subunits of Gs dissociate from the alpha subunit. The Gs with its alpha subunit and bound GTP then activates adenylyl cyclase.
Protons and neutral neutrons
Answer: high mass and high height
Explanation:
The gravitational potential energy is refered as the potential energy that has to do with the energy in a particular object due to the height of that object.
With the above explanation, when objects that have different masses are suspended from a height, the one that will have the greatest gravitational potential energy will be the one with a high mass and high height.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
Growing cells in the laboratory is known as cell culture. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are generated by transferring cells from a preimplantation-stage embryo into a plastic laboratory culture dish that contains a nutrient broth known as culture medium. The cells divide and spread over the surface of the dish. In the original protocol, the inner surface of the culture dish was coated with mouse embryonic skin cells specially treated so they will not divide. This coating layer of cells is called a feeder layer. The mouse cells in the bottom of the culture dish provide the cells a sticky surface to which they can attach. Also, the feeder cells release nutrients into the culture medium. Researchers have now devised ways to grow embryonic stem cells without mouse feeder cells. This is a significant scientific advance because of the risk that viruses or other macromolecules in the mouse cells may be transmitted to the human cells.
The process of generating an embryonic stem cell line is somewhat inefficient, so lines are not produced each time cells from the preimplantation-stage embryo are placed into a culture dish. However, if the plated cells survive, divide and multiply enough to crowd the dish, they are removed gently and plated into several fresh culture dishes. The process of re-plating or sub-culturing the cells is repeated many times and for many months. Each cycle of sub-culturing the cells is referred to as a passage. Once the cell line is established, the original cells yield millions of embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells that have proliferated in cell culture for six or more months without differentiating, are pluripotent, and appear genetically normal are referred to as an embryonic stem cell line. At any stage in the process, batches of cells can be frozen and shipped to other laboratories for further culture and experimentation.