The different forms a gene may have for a trait are called alleles. Blood type is an example of alleles. They determine the hereditary characteristics an offspring gains from their parents.
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A wavy-haired parent can either contribute a C or an s, so two wavy-haired parents have a fifty percent chance of having a wavy-haired child, a twenty-five percent chance of having a curly-haired child, and a twenty-five percent chance of having a straight-haired child.
Fifty/fifty because each makes half of one whole coin.