The incorporation of valinomycin, a neutral antibiotic, into a polyvinyl chloride membrane allows for the manufacture of an ion-selective electrode that is highly selective for potassium.
<h3>How Valinomycin Ionophores Enter and Transport K+ across Model Lipid Bilayer Membranes?</h3>
- A biomimetic lipid membrane attached to the surface of the gold electrode contained the cyclic peptide valinomycin.
- The ionophore characteristics of the peptide were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the conformation and orientation of the antibiotic valinomycin within the membrane were identified using polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy.
- By forming a complex with potassium ions and an ion pair with a counter anion, valinomycin transports ions across the membrane, and the combination of these two techniques revealed novel information about the ionophore mechanism.
- The ion pair is located inside the hydrophobic portion of the membrane and makes a little angle of around 22° with the surface normal.
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Answer:
B = hydrogen bonding
Explanation:
The water molecule consist of two hydrogen atom one oxygen atom. There is large electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen. Both atoms are bonded through covalent bonds.
Covalent bond:
It is formed by the sharing of electron pair between bonded atoms.
The atom with larger electronegativity attract the electron pair more towards it self and becomes partial negative while the other atom becomes partial positive.
For example:
In water the electronegativity of oxygen is 3.44 and hydrogen is 2.2. That's why electron pair attracted more towards oxygen, thus oxygen becomes partial negative and hydrogen becomes partial negative. The partial positive end of one water molecule attracted towards the partial negative end of other moleucle. The attraction between them is called hydrogen bonding. In this way large mole are connected with each other. Hydrogen bonding is actually a weak bonding.
D, because skin tans to help us stand being in the sun without getting burned.
An example of physiological adaption is being able to digest milk. Before, humans were not able to digest milk before we developed enzymes that now make us have the ability to do so, thus allowing us another food source.
I Think that's the equator
Answer:
The uterus no longer produces eggs [ova] which results in infertility and since the eggs are no longer produced there will no monthly blood flow [menstruation]
