B). HIV is spread during unprotected sex or through contact with infected blood; it cannot be cured, but early treatment can minimise the long-term consequences.

Explanation:

HIV is an infection that is caused by human immunodeficiency virus. The virus spreads through contact with the infected bodily fluids such as semen, blood or vaginal fluids. Mostly people get infected due to unprotected sexual intercourse which results in transmission of infected bodily fluids during penal-vaginal contact. Another way of transmission of infection involves the sharing of the used needles obtained from the person infected with HIV.

Further explanation:

The HIV infection attacks the immune system of the host body. It destroys the white blood cells of the body, as a result of which body immune system becomes ineffective to fight against the virus. A doctor can diagnose the presence of HIV virus in the bodily fluids by detecting the presence of HIV antibodies in the saliva, urine and blood. As the virus hampers the immune system, the body becomes weak and susceptible to diseases. The late detection cannot save the patient, but earlier detection and confirmation of the condition can help in providing treatment. The antiretroviral therapy slows the rate at which the virus multiplies in the patient body and is a kind of earlier treatment process. The doctor also performs two tests for the routine diagnosis and detection of virus:

Viral load: It is done to show the amount of virus present in the blood.

CD4+ cell count: It gives indication of how well the patient immune system is working to fight against the virus.

Learn more:

1. Immune system with HIV: brainly.com/question/2939254 : ArnimZola

2. Early symptoms of HIV: brainly.com/question/10689387: Bananajane

Keywords:

HIV, sexual intercourse, infected blood, transmission, immune system, antiretroviral therapy

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