Sodium form cation by losing one electron and chlorine form anion by accepting one electron. Both form ionic compound sodium chloride.
Ionic bond:
It is the bond which is formed by the transfer of electron from one atom to the atom of another element.
Both bonded atoms have very large electronegativity difference. The atom with large electronegativity value accept the electron from other with smaller value of electronegativity.
For example:
Sodium chloride is ionic compound. The electronegativity of chlorine is 3.16 and for sodium is 0.93. There is large difference is present. That's why electron from sodium is transfer to the chlorine. Sodium becomes positive and chlorine becomes negative ion.
Sodium (Na) and Argon (Ar) on the periodic table does not have similarproperties.
PERIODIC TABLE:
Periodic table is the organized table that showcases the position of elements. The periodic table is organized into groups and periods.
Groups of the periodic table is in a vertical format labeled 1 - 7 while the period is in a horizontal format labeled 1 - 7.
Elements in the same group have the same number of valenceelectrons and hence, possess similar chemical properties.
Sodium (Na) belongs to group 1 while argon is a noble gas, hence, they are not in the same group of the periodic table and cannot have same properties.