For the process of transformation of glucose into pyruvate, NAD⁺ is converted into NADH. These same NADH molecules are then reutilised on the pyruvate to lactic acid reaction and are therefore transformed back into NAD⁺ molecules that will again be used for another glycolysis reaction.
From the first rectangle, on the left, to the last rectangle, on the right, it comes NAD⁺ - NADH - NADH - NAD⁺.
The right answer is: The antibodies mistakenly identify the cells as foreign material.
The role of an antibody is to recognize a foreign antigen in order to neutralize it. They can achieve this thanks to the great specificity of their paratope, which recognizes only a very precise part of the antigen: the epitope. As soon as an antibody recognizes an epitope, the B lymphocyte that codes for that specific antibody multiplies and matures in order to synthesize the same antibodies, useful in large quantities.
The phenomenon described in the question is an autoimmunity mediated by autoantibodies.
An autoantibody is an antibody produced by the immune system and directed against one or more proteins of the individual himself
Many autoimmune diseases are due to the presence of these autoantibodies, but the presence of autoantibodies is not necessarily synonymous with such a disease.
Some scientists say that they could have a beneficial role in cleaning up cell debris resulting from a disease.
The way in which these autoantibodies are produced, their precise role, and the reason why they decrease in individuals with certain diseases, are all issues that remain unresolved.
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<u> </u><u>Earth</u><u> </u><u>Science</u></h2>
1. What kind of breeze occurs during the day in coastal areas?
A. sea breeze
B. valley breeze
C. mountain breeze
D. land breeze
2. What is the main factor that affects local winds?
A. trade winds
B. the Coriolis effect
C. uneven heating of Earth’s surface
D. altitude
3. What type of breeze occurs near mountains at night?
A. valley breeze
B. land breeze
C. mountain breeze
D. sea breeze
Sea Breeze
Uneven heating of Earth’s surface- Mountain Breeze
#CarryOnLearning
During puberty the testes of the man will begin to produce testosterone. This causes hair growth in multiple areas of the body and the voice change. Similarly, women begin to grow hair but also begin menstruation.
Answer:
The heat they lose is proportional to the surface area of their bodies, while the heat they produce is proportional to their mass. This means that larger warm-blooded animals can generate more heat than they lose and they can keep their body temperatures stable more easily.
