Mammalian fertilization comprises sperm migration through the female reproductive tract, biochemical and morphological changes to sperm, and sperm-egg interaction in the oviduct. Recent gene knockout approaches in mice have revealed that many factors previously considered important for fertilization are largely dispensable, or if they are essential, they have an unexpected function. These results indicate that what has been observed in in vitro fertilization (IVF) differs significantly from what occurs during “physiological” fertilization. This Review focuses on the advantages of studying fertilization using gene-manipulated animals and highlights an emerging molecular mechanism of mammalian fertilization.
Carbohydrates are your body’s main source of energy. The amount of carbs a man should consume daily depends on his age and activity level. The Institute of Medicine suggests adults to eat at least 130 grams of carbs a day. But If you’re a competitive athlete like Shana, you need additional amount.
<span>A study made by The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends a 2.3 to 4.5 grams of carbohydrates per pound of body weight each day, to athletes depending on the intensity of training. Therefore, Shana who weighs 135 lbs, needs approximately 310.5 grams carbohydrates daily for her physical workouts. </span>
So we can protect ourselves from the same virus if it attacks again in the future
Answer:
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Answer;
Atomic number Tc = 43 , which is equivalent to the number of protons in nucleus.
Number neutrons = mass number - number of protons = 99 - 43 = 56 neutrons .
Number of electrons = number of protons - charge = 43 - (+7) = 36 electrons
Explanation;
-Atomic number is the number of proton in the nucleus of an atom of a given element. Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. A neutral atom has equal number of protons and neutrons.
-Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass number.
