Answer:
The transport of proteins and other bioactive materials from endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus without the involvement of transport vesicles is the main beneficial for the cell to be continuous with the nuclear envelop.
Explanation:
The rough endoplasmic reticulum or RER that contain ribosomes on its surface is directly continuous with membrane of nucleus.
This helps nucleus to gain access to the proteins and other materials generated within endoplasmic reticulum.
If endoplasmic reticulum faces biological problems such as unfolded protein accumulation in the ER is hazardous to the cell.During such circumstances ER send specific signal to the nucleus.
The nucleus respond to that signal by reducing the rate of protein synthesis,so that the ER would get some extra time to fold the required proteins essential for cellular functioning,
Answer:
A frameshift changes every codon past it. A base substitution only changes one codon.
Explanation:
DNA is comprised of nucleotides (A, C, T, G) that make up amino acids. Every three bases is called a codon and represents an amino acid.
In a frameshift mutation, a nucleotide is either added or deleted from the sequence. This offsets the entire sequence after it because the reading frame shifts. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
If another T is added in between the first and second codons, then every codon after will be changed.
ACT>T<GCTATCGTCATC
A substitution mutation is usually less severe, as it only alters one codon in the sequence. These occur when one nucleotide is replaced by another one. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
Let's say the first G is replaced by a T.
ACT>T<CTATCGTCATC
As you can see, none of the other codons changed.
Typically, a frameshift mutation is considered worse than a substitution mutation.
Answer:d.
Explanation:hope you guys got it that’s what I got and it was right