The range of ratio which can be used to indicate that a gene was not expressed in the cancerous tissue but was expressed in the healthy tissue is 0.5 - 0.0625.
Microarray is a technique that is used to measure the differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. The method measures the amount of mRNA for genes that are present in a sample and compare the results between healthy and cancerous cells. A value of less than 1 indicates that the genes from the microarray are more active in normal cells.
Answer:
fire
landslide
avalanche
Explanation:
Fire, landslides, and avalanches are the examples of rapid environmental changes because they are able to destroy or affect the structure of living organism in a particular area. For example, fires can destroy all forms of life within days. A recent event of wildfire in Austria killed more than 1 billion of animals. Similarly, landslides and avalanche are geological calamities that are caused by the movement of a large mass of rock debris or snow moving downhill. The living organisms living there would be killed and this process can diminsh many forms of life (multicellular eukaryotes) rapidly.
On the other hand, (ecological) succession is a very slow process that results into change or disappearance of living organisms or particular species or ecological community in an area. This process can take place over decadaes, thousands or million of years. It can also lead to the species extinction as well.
<span>When a virus enters the cell of a human body it can start hosting inside the cell and reproduce itself. A virus can easily affect the body at the same time the immune system would activate to fight the viruses. Medication is needed to prevent it from spreading and worsen.</span>
I believe that the most common antibody switch is from IgM to IgG.
Class switching occurs by a mechanism called the class switch recombination binding. It is a biological mechanism that allows the class of antibody produced by an activated B cell to change during a process known as isotype or class switching. The mechanism changes a B cell's production of antibodies from one form to another, such as from the isotype IgM to the isotype IgG.
