Answer: 3. Punishing behaviour that deviates from the terminal behaviour
Explanation: shaping procedure is the process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired terminal behavior. It usually starts by reinforcing a behaviour that the individual already has and in some way related to the terminal (desired) behaviour; this is the first approximaion. After this is strengthened, the reinforcement is extinguished and then the next behaviour which is a closer approximation is strengthened and eventually extinguished.
This process continues with each approximation closer to the terminal behaviour until the terminal behaviour is achieved. For every step or approximation, the previous reinforcement has to be extinguished in order to move the process closer to the end goal, which is the terminal (desired) behaviour.
Deductive reasoning is also referred to as top-down reasoning, because it starts at the "top" with the more general understandings, working "down" to specific conclusions.
Answer:
“Happy people expect more from their friends.”
Explanation:
This paragraph is a HOT mess, but from what I can assume, it’s that sentence because the rest of the paragraph talk about the benefits of happy workers
