Since, the options are not given the question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows:
Presentation of a rewarding stimulus serves as ______, while removal of an aversive stimulus serves as ______.
a. negative punishment; positive punishment
b. reinforcement; punishment
c. positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement
d. negative reinforcement; positive reinforcement
e. positive punishment; negative punishment
Answer: c. positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement
Explanation:
Both positive and negative reinforcement are the parts of conditioning. In positive reinforcement the subject is awarded for the particular sets of desired behavior but it is opposite for the negative reinforcement the subject is punished for undesired behavior.
In positive reinforcement favorable stimulus is chosen by the subject which made the subject to avail the reward whereas in the negative reinforcement , the aversive stimulus is intended to reduce the undesired behavior by punishment.
The diagram is used by biologists to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype
Answer:
1:2:1
Explanation:
When we say genotype, we are talking about the different type of allele combinations. Phenotype is when you are looking at dominant recessive ratios.
<span>The absence of the predator in the experimental plots led to a rise in population of the two species hence suppressing the other species since they were the prey of the Sea stars. But when the sea stars were present, they maintained a balance in the species diversity by feeding on Mussel and Barnacle species.</span>
I would say overproduction. Not sure though. Hope this helps!
