Because only young adults were sampled, undercoverage bias may cause the newspaper to overestimate the proportion of all adults who have college debts.
<h3><u>What is bias in sampling?</u></h3>
When a sample is chosen in statistics, sampling bias is a bias that causes some individuals of the target population to have a lower or greater sampling probability than others. As a result, not every person or event was equally likely to have been chosen, resulting in a biased sample of a population (or non-human variables).
If this is not taken into consideration, results may be incorrectly attributed to the sampling procedure rather than the phenomenon being studied. Although some people identify sampling bias as a distinct sort of prejudice, sampling bias is typically categorized as a subtype of selection bias, sometimes referred to as sample selection bias.
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Answer:
(a) E(X) = 3
(b) Var(X) = 12.1067
Explanation:
(a) E[X]
E[X]T = E[X]T=A + E[X]T=B + E[X]T=C
= (2.6 + 3 + 3.4)/3
= 2.6 (1/3) + 3(1/3) + 3.4(1/3)
= 2.6/3 + 1 + 3.4/3
= 3
(b) Var (X) = E[X²]−(E[X])²
Recall that if Y ∼ Pois(λ), then E[Y 2] = λ+λ2. This implies that
E[X²] = [(2.6 + 2.6²) + (3 + 3²) + (3.4 + 3.4²)]/3
= (9.36 + 12 + 14.96)/3
= 36.32/3
= 12.1067
Var(X) = E[X²]−(E[X])²
= 12 - 3²
= 12.1067 - 9
= 3.1067
Norovirus is a very contagious virus that causes vomiting and diarrhea. People of all ages can get infected and sick with norovirus. Norovirus spreads easily! People with norovirus illness can shed billions of norovirus particles. And only a few virus particles can make other people sick.
Assuming Reggie who is 55, had an adjusted gross income of $32,000 in 2020, Reggies medical expense deduction will be $75
Calculation to determine Reggie medical expense deduction
Drugs $500
Add Health insurance premium-after tax $850
Add Doctors fees $1,250
Add Eye glasses $375
Total expenses $2,975
($500+$850+$1,250+$375)
Less Insurance reimbursement ($500)
Less 7.5% of Adjusted gross income ($2,400)
($32,000×7.5%)
Medical Expense Deduction $75
($2,975 - $500 - $2,400)
Inconclusion assuming Reggie who is 55, had an adjusted gross income of $32,000 in 2020, Reggies medical expense deduction will be $75
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