By examining the F1 complex of ATP synthase which is from Bovine heart mitochondria. Then we should ask what prevents F1 complex from rotating with Fo c-ring complex?. It is bound to the central stalk. F1 rotates with Fo c-ring complex and nothing prevents it. The mitochondrial membrane is where Fo c-ring is bounded. Stationary "a" subunit of Fo is where the stator which is connected to it bounds.
In conclusion, we will say that the answer is, it is bounded by the stator, which is corrected to the stationary "a" subunit of Fo.
The ring-shaped C subunits form the rotor of the F1FO complex. FOF1 is bound to the central stalk, Therefore, it prevents it from rotation which is during the translocation of protons
No, thy substance tis’ no mineral
