Answer:
e. Only in river valleys .
Explanation:
Why? Agriculture needs the proximity of water and the development of methods of irrigation in order to prosper. Agricultural societies were the basis of the first civilizations. In the Middle East, in China, in Egypt, all the first great civilizations rose and flowered in valleys with rivers: the Eufrates and the Tigris, the Yellow River and the Yangtze, and the Nile.
If you are talking about the development of political parties, then the issue that led it to them was “the struggle over ratification of the federal Constitution of 1787” (loc.gov).
Federalists, such as Alexander Hamilton, wanted a strong, central government and the Anti-Federalists, like Thomas Jefferson, “advocated states’ rights instead of centralized power”. (Library of Congress)
I would go with B: terra-cotta.
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They have less security to cover the borders and more land to cover, making it easier for intruders to enter and take over of some kind