Answer:
PPF : Downward Sloping Straight Line
Explanation:
PPF is the locus of product combinations that an economy can produce, given resources & technology.
It is downward sloping : Because of inverse relationship between two goods- if one has to be increased other has to be decreased , because of same resources & technology.
Marginal Opportunity Cost (Slope of PPC): is ratio of a good sacrifised to gain each additional unit of the other good.
∆ Good sacrifised / ∆ Good gained
If this ratio is same i.e constant amount of a good is sacrifised to gain an additional amount of the other one , the slope of PPC is constant & it is a straight line
Eg : Good1 Good2 MOC [∆Good2/∆Good1]
0 20 _
10 10 -10/10 = -1 (10-20)/(10-0)
20 0 -10/10 = -1 (0-10)(/20-10)
So , same (1) good 2 is sacrifised to attain a good 1 each time.
However Generally: MOC is increasing , because of assumption that resources are unequally efficient in various goods production - shifting good from efficient to inefficient increases sacrifise each time. This makes PPC usually concave.
Answer:
-3.28
Explanation:
Given that,
Initial quantity, Q1 = 2
Final quantity, Q2 = 0
Change in quantity = Q2 - Q1
= 0 - 2
= -2
Initial income, M1 = $8
Final income, M2 = $15
Change in Income = M2 - M1
= $15 - $8
= $7
Average quantity:
= (2 + 0) ÷ 2
= 1
Average income:
= (15 + 8) ÷ 2
= 11.5
Therefore,
Percentage change in quantity demanded:
= (Change in quantity demanded ÷ Average quantity) × 100
= (-2 ÷ 1) × 100
= -200%
Percentage change in income:
= (Change in income ÷ Average income) × 100
= (7 ÷ 11.5) × 100
= 60.87%
Income elasticity of demand:
= Percentage change in quantity demanded ÷ Percentage change in income
= -200 ÷ 60.87
= -3.28
Answer:
B. Growth.
Explanation:
The growth stage is the period during which the product inevitably and progressively gains acknowledgment among buyers, the industry, and the more extensive overall population. During this stage, the product or the development gets acknowledged in the market, and subsequently deals and incomes begin to increment.
Cost = $4,000
Revenues = $3,200 per year
Life = 5 years
Payback period calculation:
Year ----- Cash flow -------- Investment
Yr 0 ----- ------------ -4,000
Yr 1 ------ 3,200 ----------- -800
Yr 2 ------ 3,200 -------------- 0
Payback period lies between year 1 and 2.
Therefore,
Payback period = 1+ 800/3200 = 1+0.25 = 1.25 years