<h2>Membrane potential </h2>
Explanation:
- Membrane potential represents charge difference across the membrane, all biological cells are negative inside (cytoplasm) and positive outside (due to difference in ionic distribution)
- In a typical neuron cell membrane potential of cytoplasm is negative at rest (when no stimulus is applied) hence called resting membrane potential
- Resting membrane potential of excitable cells is established by Na+ and K+pump
- Repolarization starts with the efflux of K+ by the opening of voltage gated K+ channels
- Voltage gated K+ channels starts to open when voltage gated Na+ channels becomes inactive
- Hyperpolarization occurs due to excessive efflux of K+ by voltage gated K+ channels
- Additional efflux of K+ occurs due to slow inactivation of voltage gated K+ channels
Answer:
Bark
Explanation:
The scales on the fish serves as protection for the fish. And the tree bark serves as protection for the tree.
Answer:
vaccination
Explanation:
The vaccination has been one of the most revolutionary inventions in the medical field. This invention helped protect people from numerous diseases, some being totally neutralized, while some having only minor effects on the human body. The vaccination basically is a way of enhancing the immune system of the body by injecting in it a weakened form of the pathogen. In this way, the weakened form of the pathogen is not capable to harm the body, and the body is not fighting against it, but instead the pathogen becomes part of the body and its defense mechanism, so when the pathogen strikes, the body has a counter attack and defeats it.
Answer:
its like a quadrant.
Explanation:q4 ,same thing but negative.
<span>The area of the brain responsible for memory (and, thus, also memory problems like amnesia) is a tiny area called the hippocampus. The hippocampus allows us to make short-term memories into long-term memories.</span>
