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3 years ago

What is Koch’s postulates ?

1 answer:

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Koch's postulates are the four criteria established by Robert Koch, the founder of modern bacteriology, to identify the causative agent of a particular disease. These four postulates are:
1. The microorganism or other pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease.
2. The pathogen can be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture.
3. The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when inoculated into a healthy susceptible laboratory animal.
4. The pathogen must be re-isolated from the new host and shown to be the same as the originally inoculated pathogen.

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What common virulence factors are found in Neisseria?

HACTEHA [7]

The common virulence factors found in Neisseria are polysaccharide capsule, endotoxin, IgA1 protease, pili, and proteins.

Explanation:

Neisseria species are Gram negative diplococcic highly pathogenic bacteria which cause meningococcal and gonococcal diseases in humans.

Virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis:

Polysaccharide capsule: Antigenic anti-phagocytic capsular polysaccharides form a capsule and surround the bacterium. About 13 serotypes are present based on which the bacteria is classified.

Endotoxin: Composed of lipooligosaccharides leading to hemorrhage, sepsis, and petechiae on skin

IgA1 protease: Enzyme that breaks and cleaves the antibody IgA

Pili: Attaches bacterium to respiratory tract cells. Acts antigenic against the body’s immune system.

Diseases: Meningococcal - Meningitis, meningococcemia

Transmission: Respiratory tract

Virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrhea :

Pili: Complex gene codes for hypervariable genomes and antigenic against antibodies

Protein porins of outer membrane: Two protein complexes – Por A and Por B – facilitates invasion of epithelial cells

Opaproteins – facilitates attachment and further invasion of epithelial cells.

Diseases : Gonococcal – epididymitis, prostitis etc in men and pelvic inflammatory disease in women

Transmission: Sexual transmission

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2 years ago

How long would roughly take to break down a wool sock

rusak2 [61]

Answer:

Wool socks: 1-5 years

Like T-shirts, old wool socks are often considered non-donable and are therefore thrown in the trash. Unlike cotton T-shirts, they stay in landfills for up to five years.

Explanation:

6 0

2 years ago

A hinge joint allows a wide range of motion and freedom

Rufina [12.5K]

True, the hinge joint allows for a wide range of movement however not as much as a ball and socket hinge. Hope I helped.

6 0

3 years ago

Describe five ways you can set the stage for the effectively Gathering patient information

RoseWind [281]

1.By creating a comfortable environment. This would include

warm, bright colors, and space free of distractions. The environment needs to be a place where the patient feels and has the ability to have confidentiality.

2.By attentively listening. People know when others are not listening.

3.I s to be professional. This means to speak, look, and act like you know what you are doing and you have your background information gathered about the patient before greeting the patient. You have to be neatly dressed and have your hair done neatly. Keep your workspace clean and organized.

4.I s to ask open-ended questions. Ask questions that require patients to respond with their own words and descriptions. Only asked closed-ended

questions to get more specific details, like to find out when a female patient last had their menstrual cycle or if the female patient is still menstruating.

5.Is to set eye level with the patient and maintain eye contact (if culturally accepted). By being face to face with the patient it will make them feel like you are on the same level as them, you are no better or worse than them.

This will also help you

build rapport with the patient

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2 years ago

Lila wants to get her dog's ears cropped for a dog show. Which ethical dilemma does her veterinarian face?

Luba_88 [7]

Answer:

Explanation:

The Vet know having shorter ears will not benifit the dog in any way. There are no cons to this, and it will not affect anything but the dog show. But, as long as it will not hurt the dog, the vet will continue.

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2 years ago