Answer:
4. transforming the energy in glucose and related molecules in a chemical form that cells can use for work
Explanation:
Glycolysis breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate which is transformed into acetyl CoA to enter the Kreb's cycle. Kreb's cycle breakdown the acetyl CoA into CO2 and H2O. The energy stored in the glucose molecule is released during glycolysis and Kreb's cycle. The released energy is stored in the form of NADH and FADH2 as well as in few molecules of ATP.
The NADH and FADH2 enter the final step of cellular respiration, the oxidative phosphorylation. Here, NADH and FADH2 are oxidized with the help of electron transport chain (ETC). During the transfer of electrons through ETC, the proton motive force is generated which then helps in ATP synthesis.
Hence, the three steps of cellular respiration (glycolysis + Kreb's cycle + oxidative phosphorylation) retrieve the energy from nutrients such as glucose and store it in the form of ATP. ATP is used by cells as an energy source for various other functions.
Answer:
The correct answer is A) Histone deacetylation generally decreases gene expression.
Explanation:
Histones are the proteins that are responsible for the condensation of chromatin, which is directly linked to the capacity that a gene has to be expressed. The more condensed a gene is, the less expressible it becomes.
In order to regulate the gene expression, histones can suffer from many modifications that can change their conformation and the expressiveness of specific genes.
<u>Histone acetylation is linked with an increase of gene expression; while deacetylation and methylation decrease gene expression.</u>
Answer:
The recombination frequency between two genes exhibits a positive correlation with the distance between them, that is, farther they are, and more will be the chance of recombination. Thus, recombination frequency is used to signify distance among the two genes, for example, 1 percent recombination frequency demonstrates distance of 1 map unit.
Let us consider that the heterozygous female of genotype AaBb can generate four kinds of gametes, that is, AB, Ab, aB and ab. Of these, the two gametes are the outcomes of recombination, or it can be said that 50 percent are recombinants. Thus, it can be concluded that in case of two linked genes, the maximum probable recombination frequency is 50 percent.
This shows that any genes, which are distant than 50 map units will function as unlinked and will function as if they were on distinct chromosomes, and the frequency of recombinant frequency will be 50 percent.
In the given question, it is given that the map distance between the two genes is 80 map units, that is, more than 50 map units. The maximum probable recombinant offspring will be 50 percent of the entire offspring.
ATP provides CHEMICAL ENERGY to drive chemical reactions for the cell.
