This is a personification. An idiom would be something like a proverb while hyperbole would be exaggeration. A metaphor is when there's a meaning that's implied. Personification is when you give objects that don't behave like people, human traits. The raven in reality probably doesn't say anything, just croaks or whatever, but in the poem he keeps saying it because it's a poem.
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Civilians were not able to do anything, so they were killed the same ratio to military that fought the enemy. There was also no rules or laws that they can’t kill civilians
