Which statements about the production of ATP ATP in chloroplasts are true? The production of ATP ATP in chloroplasts does not re
semble the production of ATP ATP in mitochondria. A proton gradient is generated by the transport of protons into the thylakoid lumen. Protons move from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma through ATP ATP synthase, producing ATP ATP . The generation of a proton gradient creates a more acidic environment in the stroma than in the thylakoid lumen.
A proton gradient is generated by the transport of protons into the thylakoid lumen.
Protons move from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma through ATP synthase, producing ATP.
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, the environment is made acidic inside the lumen i.e. H⁺ are pumped into thylakoid lumen from stroma as a result of which more H⁺ are present in the thylakoid lumen as compared to stroma. It happens during light dependent reaction of photosynthesis. The concentration of H⁺ is already higher in lumen and transfer of more and more H⁺ from stroma increases the concentration of H⁺ even more leading to generation of a potential gradient. These H⁺ subsequently tend to move freely from lumen to stroma via "reverse pumps known as ATP synthase". The reason why these are known as reverse pumps is because pumps usually move particles from lower to higher concentration which is an active movement i.e. not natural so such movement requires energy. Naturally particles move from higher to lower concentration gradient until the concentration becomes equal on both the sides but pumps act opposite of this natural process and move particles from lower to higher concentration and utilize energy to do it. But here H⁺ are moving from higher to lower concentration which occurs naturally so ATP synthase rather than using energy tend to generate energy and this free energy is used to generate ATP from ADP & Pi (inorganic phosphate).
True. This is the case where an invasive species has reduced the genetic diversity of indigenous species.
Explanation:
An invasive species is an exotic, foreign species that takes over a specific habitat or ecosystem and destabilizes it.
Invasive species disrupt the food chains of an ecosystem which may lead to increase in populations of some species while reducing others.
Invasive species compete with indigenous species for food, shelter and mates. As the indigenous species cannot reproduce properly, a reduction in their genetic diversity is the direct result.
