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1.)A monarch known as the "caliph," which means "successor," headed the Caliphate. The caliph was the Muslim world's religious and political official, and was considered the Prophet Muhammad's heir. When did it all start? After Muhammad's death in 632 CE, the Caliphate was established.
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make money, heavenly and earthly rewards, protection of property, debts cancelled, relieved of punishment
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer: Egypt grew wealthy from the gold found in Nile River sediment What did the Nubians receive from African countries, other than Egypt, when they  Other civilizations also benefited from the knowledge of the Egyptians.
hoped this helped :D
 
        
             
        
        
        
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In March 1948, the United States Congress passed the Economic Cooperation Act (more popularly known as the Marshall Plan), which set aside $4 billion in aid for Western Europe. By the time the program ended nearly four years later, the United States had provided over $12 billion for European economic recovery.
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Its called a Dog Travios.
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