Question

How did Islamic Caliphates to gain, consolidate, and maintain power?

Answer 1

I do not know if this is fully correct, but this is what I have

Islamic Caliphates after the death of. Muhammad followed the example he started when dealing with non-Muslims in their empires. Non-Muslims were allowed to practice their religions and follow their religious laws as long as they paid a yearly tax called the jizyah, sometimes referred to as kharāj (though the two were sometimes different taxes), the poll tax, or the land tax.