1- will have
2- has passed
3- have made
4- will go
5- did
6- fell
7-had visited
8-has been surfing
I would estimate that the first one is the answer.
I looked up the summary(s) for both the passages, and 'to build a fire' is about a guy who despite everything being against him, being persistent and dying because of his actions, while 'gumption' is about the hardships of african americans.
Of course, this is just my estimation.
Bribery is definitely one way. Another way is through threats.
Best of luck, make sure to work hard
