Answer:
Seedless vascular plants are plants that contain vascular tissue, but do not produce flowers or seeds. In seedless vascular plants, such as ferns and horsetails, the plants reproduce using haploid, unicellular spores instead of seeds. The spores are very lightweight (unlike many seeds), which allows for their easy dispersion in the wind and for the plants to spread to new habitats. Although seedless vascular plants have evolved to spread to all types of habitats, they still depend on water during fertilization, as the sperm must swim on a layer of moisture to reach the egg. This step in reproduction explains why ferns and their relatives are more abundant in damp environments, including marshes and rainforests. The life cycle of seedless vascular plants is an alternation of generations, where the diploid sporophyte alternates with the haploid gametophyte phase. The diploid sporophyte is the dominant phase of the life cycle, while the gametophyte is an inconspicuous, but still-independent, organism. Throughout plant evolution, there is a clear reversal of roles in the dominant phase of the life cycle
Explanation:
<span>This would be a positive reinforcer. These are things like rewards and bonuses that will cause the subject to want to continue the rewarded behavior. The reinforcer does not need to be financial or even tangible. Positive comments and approval can be reinforcers that strengthen associated behaviors.</span>
Ans: Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (A few genes produce regulatory molecules that help the cell assemble proteins.) The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell.
Helikazlar tüm canlılar için hayatî önem taşıyan bir enzim sınıfıdır. Nükleik asitlerin fosfodiester omurgası üzerinde hareket ederek birbirlerine hidrojen bağlarıyla bağlanmış nükleik asit ipliklerini (DNA'nın, RNA'nın veya RNA-DNA hibritlerinin) ayrıştırır.
