Answer:
The structure of mitochondria contains the foldings in the inner side called "cristae" which increase the surface area of the mitochondria. The cristae are important to mitochondria as well as cell as cristae embody the ATP synthase enzymes which help in the formation of the ATP molecules.
Heart cells require more energy to pump the blood from the heart to the body so it needs a more mitochondrial number in the cells with more infoldings to synthesize more ATP.
The correct answer for this question is (D) It can proceed in the dark.
Calvin cycle is named after Melvin C. Calvin, who won a Nobel prize in chemistry for finding it in 1961. Calvin cycle take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis and it is a <u>light-independent reaction so also called as dark reaction.</u>
The Calvin cycle proceeds in three stages:
1. Carboxylation, during which CO2 combines with ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate
2. Reduction, during which carbohydrate is formed at the expense of photochemically made ATP and NADPH
3. Regeneration during which the CO2 acceptor ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate is formed again so that the cycle continues.
<u>Substituion mutation</u> is responsible for small changes in a trait.
Explanation:
This kind of mutation merely changes the type of nucleotide in the DNA sequence. The mutation does not cause a frameshift as would a deletion of addition mutation.
A substitution mutation would at worst change an amino acid in the translated protein. This would likely have a slight effect on how the protein folds into an active protein. On the other hand, mutations that cause frameshifts have the biggest effect on the proteins. They change all the amino acids of a protein downstream of the point of mutation.
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For more mutations check out;
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Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Growth hormone (GH)
