Answer:
Part a)

Part b)

Part d)
As we know that due to induction of charge there will be same charge appear on the inner and outer surface of the cylinder but the sign of the charge must be different
On the inner side of the cylinder there will be negative charge induce on the inner surface and on the outer surface of the cylinder there will be same magnitude charge with positive sign.
Explanation:
Part a)
By Guass law we know that



Part b)
Outside the outer cylinder we will again use Guass law



Part d)
As we know that due to induction of charge there will be same charge appear on the inner and outer surface of the cylinder but the sign of the charge must be different
On the inner side of the cylinder there will be negative charge induce on the inner surface and on the outer surface of the cylinder there will be same magnitude charge with positive sign.
Answer: False
Explanation: They can see it by karst topography!
Answer:
10N
Explanation:
1. Every Action has an equal and opposite reAction.
2. If 10N of force is acted upon an wrench, then the wrench will react with an equal amount of force, but in the opposite direction.
Answer:
a) 
b)
c) 
d) Treat the humans as though they were points or uniform-density spheres.
Explanation:
Given:
- mass of Mars,

- radius of the Mars,

- mass of human,

a)
Gravitation force exerted by the Mars on the human body:

where:
= gravitational constant


b)
The magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by the human on Mars is equal to the force by the Mars on human.


c)
When a similar person of the same mass is standing at a distance of 4 meters:


d)
The gravitational constant is a universal value and it remains constant in the Universe and does not depends on the size of the mass.
- Yes, we have to treat Mars as spherically symmetric so that its center of mass is at its geometric center.
- Yes, we also have to ignore the effect of sun, but as asked in the question we have to calculate the gravitational force only due to one body on another specific body which does not brings sun into picture of the consideration.
Answer:
TEJ as this is a thing you wont get