Optiosn are not provided in the question. The complete question s as following:
The most recent blood work of a client with a diagnosis of heart failure indicates increased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). What are the most likely effects of these peptides on the patient's physiology?
A. Water retention
B. Increased tubular sodium reabsorption
C. Counteracting the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
D. Sympathetic nervous stimulation
Answer:
C. Counteracting the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Explanation:
Atrial and ventricular volume / pressure expansion trigger the production of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) which are endogenously produced peptides.
The ANP and BNP plasma levels increase according to the extent of the heart failure. Myocardial stretching is a key factor in stimulating ANP and BNP secretion, while neurohumoral factors also play a role in the secretion process.
Natriuresis, Vasodilatation and activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) and sympathetic nervous systems are the main physiological effects of ANP and BNP; both of which are expected to prevent the development of heart failure.
Hence, the correct option is C.
Answer:
A) A single base pair change.
Explanation:
Point mutation is a change in a single base pair of a nucleotide. This comes as a results of mistakes made during DNA replication, induced by ultravoilet radiations, extreme heat and X-rays. There are three types of point or substitution mutations; change, deletion and insertion. The nucleotide bases are either mistakenly inserted, changed or deleted, thus changing the resulting protein or amino acid being coded for.
Answer:
Ribosomes
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Answer:
Secretion, in biology, production and release of a useful substance by a gland or cell; also, the substance produced. In addition to the enzymes and hormones that facilitate and regulate complex biochemical processes, body tissues also secrete a variety of substances that provide lubrication and moisture.
Explanation:
