Question

Part D - Lysogenic Replication in a BacteriophageNow that Lauren knows that she has a lytic bacteriophage, she decides that she needs to go one step further and understand lysogenic replication as well. Lysogenic replication is a modified replication cycle in which infected host cells grow and reproduce normally for several generations before lysis occurs. This growth time means that if Lauren's cultures get infected with a lysogenic phage, it may take longer to notice that there is an infection present! Jason offers to let Lauren have a sample of a common lysogenic virus from his lab, lambda phage. He gives her explicit instructions on how to grow it in the lab, and while she is working on it she notices how the lambda phage takes days to weeks to lyse the bacterial cultures.Please choose the correct description of the term below that is associated with lysogenic replicationA. When a bacteriophage infects hosts 19 cells and allows them to grow and replicate normally for many generations before lysis, this is considered Lysogeny.
B. When the phenotype of a bacterium is changed via Lysogenic conversion, harmless bacteria can become pathogenic and are able to produce deadly toxins and proteins.
C. Temperate phages is another name for lysogenic phages that have a lysogenic replication cycle.
D. In Induction, a phage is excised from the host chromosome via physical or chemical agents that damage the genetic material of the host.
E. An inactive bacteriophage is a Prophage that can remain in the host chromosome and render the bacterium resistant to additional infection by other similar viruses.

Answer 1

A. Lysogeny.

B. Lysogenic conversion

C. Temperate phages

D. Induction

E. Prophage

Explanation:

Lysogenic replication or lysogeny is the process of a bacteriophage invading the host’s cell, grows, replicates for generations, multiply by undergoing lysis in the host’s cell.

The basic steps of lysogenic or lytic life cycle are:

1. Attachment of the phage with the host’s surface
2. Penetration of the DNA to the host’s cell
3. Biosynthesis of phage protein through replication of phage DNA
4. Maturtion and assembly of phage particles
5. Lysis to release new phages

Apart from these, under certain conditions, lysogenic replication can occur by:

Lysogenic conversion where the phenotype of a normal bacterium is converted and becomes pathogenic and produces harmful proteins and cause diseases

Other phages which can undergo lysogenic replication cycle are called temperate phages

Prophage is a type of bacteriophage which is inactive but remains in the chromosome of the host cell which powers the bacterium to be resistant to infections caused by other viruses.

Induction is the process of excision of the phage from the host’s chromosome through physical or chemical methods.