If the uppercase letters represent the dominant alleles, purple flowers and tall are the phenotype of a plant with the genotype Pptt.
A gene can exist in different forms across organisms. These different forms are known as alleles.
The subsequent combination of alleles that an individual possesses for a specific gene is their genotype.
Examples of genotype include:
- Hair colour
- Height
- Shoe size
- Eye colour
The sum of an organism’s observable characteristics is their phenotype. A key difference between phenotype and genotype is that, whilst genotype is inherited from an organism’s parents, the phenotype is not.
Whilst a phenotype is influenced the genotype, genotype does not equal phenotype. The phenotype is influenced by the genotype and factors including:
- Epigenetic modifications
- Environmental and lifestyle factors
Observing the phenotype is simple – we take a look at an organism’s outward features and characteristics, and form conclusions about them. Observing the genotype, however, is a little more complex.
Genotyping is the process by which differences in the genotype of an individual are analyzed using biological assays. The data obtained can then be compared against either a second individual’s sequence, or a database of sequences.
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There are three major forms of fossil fuels and these are coal, oil and natural gas. All three were formed many millions of years ago before the time of dinosaurs.
Plants and trees died and sank to the bottom of swamps which filled the land. The dead matter formed layers of a spongy material called peat. Over time the peat was covered by sand, clay and other minerals which turned into sedimentary rock.
As the layers of rock piled up, their weight squeezed the peat until water came out of it and it eventually turned into coal, oil and natural gas.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Osmosis refers to the diffusion of water molecules ONLY.
During photosynthesis, the energy used to pump protons comes from ______light_____, whereas in cellular respiration it comes from ______NADH/FADH₂_______.
<h3>What are the steps in photosynthesis?</h3>
- The first step in photosynthesis is the absorption of light by chlorophyll bound to chloroplast thylakoid proteins. The absorbed light energy is used to remove electrons from electron donors such as water to form oxygen.
- The electrons are then transferred to the primary electron acceptor, quinine (Q.). Electrons are further transferred from the primary electron acceptor to the final electron acceptor (usually NADP⁺).
- Proton transfer from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma via the F₀F₁ complex generates ATP from ADP and Pi.
- The NADP and ATP produced in steps 2 and 3 provide the energy, and the electrons power the process of reducing the carbon to a six-carbon sugar molecule.
The first three steps of photosynthesis, are directly dependent on light energy and are thus, called light reactions, while the reactions in the last step are independent of light and thus are termed dark reactions.
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