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Answer 1

Answer:

1. The one nearest the surface is the "zone of aeration", where gaps between soil are filled with both air and water. Below this layer is the "zone of saturation", where the gaps are filled with water.

2. Larger pores mean less friction between flowing water and the sides of the pores. Smaller pores mean more friction between flowing water and pore walls and more twists and turns for the water to navigate. A permeable material has a greater number of larger, well-connected pore spaces. An impermeable material has fewer, smaller pores that are poorly connected.

3. A cave is any cavity in the ground that is large enough that some portion of it will not receive direct sunlight.

A cavern is a specific type of cave, naturally formed in soluble rock with the ability to grow speleothems.

4. The size of the pores underground rock material has and if the pores are connected

5. Karst regions are formed when there is a chemical reaction between the groundwater and the bedrock. As rain, streams, and rivers flow over the earth's surface, the water mixes with the carbon dioxide that naturally exists in air, and the soil becomes acidic and corrodes the calcium carbonate rock. The carbonate solution seeps into fissures, fractures, crevices, and other depressions in the rock. Sinkholes develop and the fissures and crevices widen and lengthen. As the openings get larger, the amount of water that can enter increases.

Answer 2

Answer:

1.In the zone of aeration, some of the pore space is occupied by air, and some of the pore space is occupied by water. In the zone of saturation, all of the pore space is occupied by water.

2.It's easier for water to flow through large pores because there's less friction between the flowing water and the pore walls. Smaller pores create more friction between flowing water and pore walls. In addition, smaller pores create more twists and turns for the water to flow around.

3.A cave is a natural, underground chamber that connects to Earth’s surface. A cavern is a type of cave where speleothems form. All caverns are caves, but not all caves are caverns.

4.The two factors that determine how easily water can move through rock or sediment are the slope of the water table and the permeability of the rock or sediment.

5.Karst topography, which includes sinkholes and caves, occurs in areas with a lot of limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. When water and carbon dioxide react, they form carbonic acid. This weak acid solution is able to dissolve these materials, leading to the formation of many karst features.

Explanation: