UV X-rays & Gamma rays are ionizing radiation. UV can damage skin cells, but X-ray and Gamma rays can cause the mutation of genes, which can lead to cancer.
Answer:
1. genotypically
2. phenotypically
Explanation:
The genotype of an individual represents the total number and types of genes and the alleles of each gene present in the nuclei of its cells. In humans, the presence of two copies of X chromosomes makes an individual female. However, some individuals have two copies of X chromosomes but have masculine features. Similarly, some individuals have one X and one Y chromosomes in their cells. These individuals are genotypically males. But they have some feminine features. This makes them phenotypically female. Phenotype is the morphological expression of genotype.
Cellulose is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers. The cell walls of plants are mostly made of cellulose, which provides structural support to the cell. Wood and paper are mostly cellulosic in nature. Cellulose is made up of glucose monomers that are linked by bonds between particular carbon atoms in the glucose molecule.
Every other glucose monomer in cellulose is flipped over and packed tightly as extended long chains. This gives cellulose its rigidity and high tensile strength—which is so important to plant cells. Cellulose passing through our digestive system is called dietary fiber. While the glucose-glucose bonds in cellulose cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes, herbivores such as cows, buffalos, and horses are able to digest grass that is rich in cellulose and use it as a food source. In these animals, certain species of bacteria reside in the rumen (part of the digestive system of herbivores) and secrete the enzyme cellulase. The appendix also contains bacteria that break down cellulose, giving it an important role in the digestive systems of ruminants. Cellulases can break down cellulose into glucose monomers that can be used as an energy source by the animal.
