Answer:
The ability of caffeine to inhibit adenosine receptors, plays a very important role in heightened alertness and sleeplessness.
Explanation:
"<em><u>Caffeine</u></em>" (<em>1,3,7-trimethylxanthine</em>) is an alkaloid obtained from plants. It has a chemical formula of C8H10N4O2.
Caffeine is generally <em>hydrophillic</em> but sufficiently <em>lipophilic</em> to pass through all biological membranes and readily cross the blood-brain barrier.
Therefore can bind with the adenosine receptors. Due to the blocking of adenosine inhibitory effects through its receptors held by paraxanthine and caffeine, it indirectly affects the release of <u>norepinephrine, dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, glutamate</u> e.t.c.
The release of the above-mentioned hormones have a great impact on the heightened alertness of the body, especially <em>dopamine</em> and <em>serotonin</em>.
<span>Craig Venter is an
American biochemist, geneticist, biotechnologist, and businessman. He is
popular for his contribution as the 1st person to sequence the human
genome and the 1st scientist to transfect a cell with a synthetic genome.
He’s now into creating synthetic biological organisms. He was even listed in
the Time Magazine 2007-2008 as one of the top 100 most influential people
worldwide. His works has really been significant in microbiology. </span>
Answer: A because before used to be fossils.
Not shure just double check but from my side its A
Explanation:
B) Primary is where there is nothing no rock or soil
Answer:
Letter B.
Explanation:
Aquaporins, also known as "water channels," are the main transport of water through the membranes of plant, animal, and bacterial cells. These channels allow the water to travel into and within cells and, at the same time, exclude the passage of ions and solutes.
What makes letter B the correct answer, is the form of transport and shape of the channel that allow water according to the osmotic gradient. In this model, letter A shows simple diffusion, while C and D seem to illustrate gated channels.
