Answer:
Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the other species is not affected. Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species (the parasite) benefits while the other species (the host) is harmed.
The major result of the inflammatory response is to infection or injury. Tissue level , inflammation is characterized by redness , swelling and itching which result from local immune , vascular and inflammatory cell responses .
Pathogen such as viruses, bacteria or fungi can causes of inflammation. External injuries like scrapes or damage through foreign objects effects of chemicals or radiation.The first and the earliest symptom of inflammation is silent phase which based on reaction of resident cells of the damaged tissue.
There are three main stages of inflammation which can vary from intensity or duration. such as Acute- swelling stage, sub acute- regenerative stage , regenerative stage, chronic- scar tissue maturation and remodeling stage.
To learn more about Pathogen here
brainly.com/question/13051879
#SPJ4
The correct answer is all of these.
Matter and energy on Earth are never destroyed or created out of nothing, but just transferred or converted to another form.
The inorganic matter is transferred to the living things from the physical environment by many biological processes like photosynthesis ( CO2), nitrogen fixation, absorption of the minerals by plant roots and many more.
Matter can then be transferred between different organisms through the food chain.
Eventually, the matter will return to the physical environment when organisms decompose and the cycle will start again.
