Answer:
A) Analogous Estimation
Explanation:
Analogous Estimation is the process of comparing past costs and expenses of projects to make estimations for the current projects. This is usually used when there is data limitation for accurate estimations on the current projects.
Parametric is where a unit rate is devised to calculate project costs comprising of several units.
Bottom up estimation deals with estimating smaller cost components and then using the sum of these components to make larger estimates.
Option D is based on rough estimates on the time and effort required for a project.
None of the other options thus take into account past work other than the analogous estimation technique.
Hope that helps.
Answer:
The correct answer is B. result from the political bias toward immediate benefits and deferred costs.
Explanation:
While many people run hysterically on the streets begging politicians to act in the face of the threat of climate change, many people, young and old, may be demanding the same type of action, but to fix the unfunded passive systems.
By extending eligibility and increasing the benefits of a pay-per-use system while at the same time having fewer children to finance it, previous generations have left a fearsome financial obligation. Either taxes will increase dramatically for tomorrow's workers, lowering their standard of living, or benefits will fall for tomorrow's retirees, lowering their standard of living. A group will feel very angry.
These problems were anticipated even when politicians were raising payments, but each elected government simply kicked the can and allowed things to continue as usual.
Social security systems and pension funds are actuarially not funded systems. There is no obligation for this generation to have children at the same rate as previous generations. Therefore, when those born in the 1950s reach retirement age in the next century, their stipends will feel more like a burden due to the ranks of non-active members of society that will depend on their contributions to live.
Answer:
Authority - Responsibility Balance & Incentive Development.
Explanation:
Authority refers to the power to command, give orders to somebody. And enjoying the position of having right to get it obeyed.
Responsibility refers to being in a position of accountability, answerability for an allocated task or job & its performance.
For Eg : A manager given responsibility to complete a task of production targets achievement, is also given authority to command the entire staff at the production site.
Joe had problem while working for someone else that :- he had responsibility to complete employers allocated task, but may be not given enough authority to do so, thats why he felt he is being 'commanded by, working for' someone else. Also, he doesn't owe the rewards of his acts, so lacks incentive.
Being an entrepreneur will entitle him with managerial responsibilities, but at the same time will also give him higher authority to take his own independent decisions. And, he is himself responsible for his acts, will bear losses or enjoy profits for himself. So, it also incentivises him to work for himself.
