Shield Volcanoes typically take the form of a shield and are usually not too steep and are easily hiked up, such as Mauna Loa. They usually are built up by magma flows and usually don’t do too much in terms of eruptions, while generally they are the ones that spit out lava the most its generally just a bubble up to the surface and leaking out the sides and a flow down the mountain.
<span>If one plant is named Salvia greggii and another is named Salvia vanhouttei, what this tells me about these plants is that t</span><span>hey belong to the same genus and to different species. If you remember from your biology classes, genus always has the first capital letter, and species is all in lower case.</span>
Answer:
a. the pH within the thylakoid is less than that of the stroma
Explanation:
The pH of thylakoid membrane is 8 at normal conditions but it became highly acidic like 4 during photosynthesis. The electron transport chain utilize the energy released by excited electrons to pump the H+ ions to lumen of thylakoid membrane from stroma during light reaction of photosynthesis. The H+ ions are present in both the stroma and thylakoid membranes. These high potential H+ ions are utilized by ATP synthase complex for the production of ATP.
We know that more the H+ ions lesser will be the pH and lumen have the high concentration of H+ ions. While the pH of stroma is normally kept acidic by plants to create a concentration and potential difference of H+ ions for the production of ATP. That why the lumen have lower pH than stroma of chloroplast.
