Answer:
Symbiosis and metabolic cooperation.
Explanation:
Symbiosis is a term called for bacteria that live in symbiosis with another organism or with each other, as we can see here there is a tow bacteria living in the same place (gut), one attached to the surface of the gut and another one synthesize ATP which can be used by other bacteria which made both of them benefits from a metabolic reaction that made by one bacteria.
Answer:
When the solutions (including inside and outside) were replaced by NaCl, the membrane potential changes from a negative value of -60 mV to a positive value of + 60 mV.
Explanation:
According to the Nernst equation the potential of the membrane for a two-compartment model of a cell for positive gradient of K⁺ ions is V = - 60 mVlogK'/K where K' = inside concentration of K⁺ ions and K = outside concentration of K⁺ ions. For a 10 fold excess of KCl in the inside compartment, K'/K = 10. So,
V = - 60 mVlogK'/K = - 60 mVlog10 = -60 mV.
For a negative gradient of Na ions is V = + 60 mVlogK'/K where K' = inside concentration of Na⁺ ions and K = outside concentration of Na⁺ ions. (Since the cell is selectively permeable to Na⁺ ions. So, Na ions to not flow out but in.)For a 10 fold excess of NaCl in the inside compartment, K'/K = 10. So,
V = + 60 mVlogK'/K = + 60 mVlog10 = +60 mV.
So, when the solutions (including inside and outside) were replaced by NaCl, the membrane potential changes from a negative value of -60 mV to a positive value of + 60 mV.
Answer:
The mitochondria are called the powerhouses of the cell, where ATP is produced. It is composed of an inner membrane called cristae, and an outer membrane that covers the organelle.
The cell wall is a rigid structure made from(in the case of plant cells rather than bacteria or fungi) cellulose and other rigid fibers.
The cell membrane is a fluid, thinner structure made up of a double layer of phospholipids which are comprised of the hydrophilic heads facing outwards and hydrophobic tails facing toward each other in the layer.
The nucleus has protons, and neutrons that are contained within it, and electrons around it.
Explanation:
Answer:
True
Explanation:
There are certain limitations associated with the Punnett Squares. They are not useful in case of complex genetic inheritance such as linkage between two genes. In case of linkages it becomes difficult to estimate the distribution of genotypes and phenotypes. For example in case of Nail-patella Syndrome and gene associated with blood group two genes lie on the same chromosome in close vicinity and hence there are high chances of inheritance of these traits in the offspring from the parent thereby causing random distribution of the two traits. This random distribution cannot be captured through punnet square.
The same problem is associated in case where a single gene is determined by multiple genes with graded effects of each gene.
One consequence would be that population would make it so their would be less food for them and then any species under that would be endangered eventually
