Answer:
Okay
Explanation:
Human topoisomerase I plays an important role in removing positive DNA supercoils that accumulate ahead of replication forks. It also is the target for camptothecin-based anticancer drugs that act by increasing levels of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA scission. Evidence suggests that cleavage events most likely to generate permanent genomic damage are those that occur ahead of DNA tracking systems. Therefore, it is important to characterize the ability of topoisomerase I to cleave positively supercoiled DNA. Results confirm that the human enzyme maintains higher levels of cleavage with positively as opposed to negatively supercoiled substrates in the absence or presence of anticancer drugs. Enhanced drug efficacy on positively supercoiled DNA is due primarily to an increase in baseline levels of cleavage. Sites of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage do not appear to be affected by supercoil geometry. However, rates of ligation are slower with positively supercoiled substrates. Finally, intercalators enhance topoisomerase I-mediated cleavage of negatively supercoiled substrates but not positively supercoiled or linear DNA. We suggest that these compounds act by altering the perceived topological state of the double helix, making underwound DNA appear to be overwound to the enzyme, and propose that these compounds be referred to as ‘topological poisons of topoisomerase I’
Answer:
What is the question you need help with?
Explanation:
It can help you better understand your current credit position , and also help you detect any inaccurate or incomplete information.
Answer:
Whole grains are grains that have their entire kernel (bran, endosperm and germ) intact therefore retaining valuable nutrients. Refined grains on the other hand are grains that have been milled and stripped off parts of their kernel therefore lowering their nutritional quality.
Explanation:
Newly graduated m.d.s choosing to specialize in internal medicine, family practice, or paediatrics require a three years residency program.
The length of your residency training is determined by the speciality you choose. The shortest residency programs are in primary care, while the longest is in surgery. Newly graduated m.d.s choosing to specialize in internal medicine, family practice, or paediatrics require a three years residency program.
Regardless of your residency program length, your sense of independence, responsibility, and autonomy grows with every year of residency until you are operating independently in your desired field by the close of your residency program. All residency areas of expertise also provide the option for additional specialization following residency, known as fellowship training.
Learn more about residency programs: brainly.com/question/4369879
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