The Nazi party stands for the National Socialist German Worker's Party. One of the main reasons for its rise was the hardship that the Treaty of Versailles caused Germany. Germans felt that the outcome of WWI was unfair and unjust, they wanted to return to the days of Bismarck- where Germany was a leading power.
The case Plessey v. Ferguson decided that it was legal for public schools in the United States could be segregated by race. It was late overturned by Brown v. Board of ED.