Both were required to protect women and defend their religion i believe<span />
Their customs were outdated, the advancements of weaponry and technology by the europeans and americans frightened the japanese of invasion, hence opening its trade ports to adopt these new innovations by the Europeans and the Americans.
Estimated - 1851.2. Basically multiply the original number (1500) by 5.4; 4 times. Make sure every multiplication involves the new number rather than using 1500 every time. e.g. if 10% more of 100 is 110. Then 10% more of 110 is 121
