Ans.
DNA acts as genetic material in all living organisms that store and transmit genetic information from one to next generation. DNA sequence carries instructions for the expression of genes to make proteins, responsible for different phenotypic characters of individuals.
The DNA, first synthesizes mRNA molecule that carry information for the protein synthesis, in the form of codons and code for a specific polypeptide chain or protein.
The sequence present in DNA determines the amino acid sequence in protein encoded by the DNA. Change in DNA sequence affects gene expression as it leads to change in mRNA sequence, and thus, change in sequence of amino acid of the resulting protein.
Prokaryotes don’t have organelles (which are the cell’s ‘organs’ that carry out the cells functions).
Plant cells and animal cells are eukaryotes because they have organelles.
Plant cells are kind of stiff because of their structure. They have a cell wall, which is really tough. Also, plant cells perform photosynthesis, using an organelle called a chloroplast. Finally, plant cells have a large vacuole that stores the cells waste.
Animal cells, unlike plant cells, lack a cell wall. That means they’re free to wiggle if they wanted to. Animal cells have lysosomes that assist in reproduction.
