The movement of Ions or molecules across a membrane from low concentration to high concentration. Which requires energy.
Answer:
c. a high percentage of very long chain saturated fatty acids
Explanation:
Saturated fatty acids do not have double bonds (they are saturated with hydrogens), so their tails are relatively straight. Unsaturated fatty acids, on the other hand, contain one or more double bonds, which often produces an elbow or bend. (You can see an example of an unsaturated bent tail in the phospholipid structure diagram that appears at the beginning of this article.) Saturated and unsaturated phospholipid fatty acid tails behave differently when the temperature drops:
- At colder temperatures, the straight tails of saturated fatty acids can be tightly bound, producing a dense and quite rigid membrane.
- Phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acid tails cannot bind so closely due to the bent structure of their tails. For this reason, an unsaturated phospholipid membrane remains fluid at lower temperatures than a saturated phospholipid membrane.
Most cell membranes contain a mixture of phospholipids, some with two saturated (straight) tails and others with a saturated tail and an unsaturated (folded) tail. <u>Many organisms — fish, for example — can adapt physiologically to cold environments by changing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in their membranes, that is, increasing the proportion of saturated long-chain fatty acids.</u>
In addition to phospholipids, animals have an additional component in their membrane that helps them maintain fluidity. Cholesterol, another type of lipid that is embedded between the membrane phospholipids, helps decrease the effects of temperature on fluidity.
<h2>Genetic code is (nearly) universal in evolution</h2><h3>Explanation:</h3>
- It determine whether hair length is heritable, The genetic code is discretionary, at any rate of extent. The way that all life forms share a solitary genetic code is because of their basic ancestry. Development represents the solidarity and diversity of life
- This is because a genetic code shared by diverse life forms gives significant proof to the regular starting point of life on Earth. That is, the numerous species on Earth today likely developed from a tribal living being in which the genetic code was at that point present. Since the code is fundamental to the capacity of cells, it would will in general stay unaltered in species across ages, as people with critical changes may be not able to survive.
Light, oxygen, gravity. idk about gravity, but i put it in there for cause
Answer:
Volcanoes, burning fossil fuels, and respiration of organisms.
Explanation:
Volcanoes, burning fossil fuels, and respiration of organisms releases carbondioxide that forms atmospheric carbondioxide. The carbon enters in the biosphere through the process of photosynthesis. In plants, carbondioxide enters in the plant body which is used as a reactant from which food is prepared. The carbon present in the plant body in the form of glucose which can be transferred into another organism due to feeding of organisms. The organism released this carbon in the form of carbondioxide when the eaten food is broken down for the release of energy. In that way, carbon moves from biosphere to the atmosphere whereas Volcanoes and burning fossil fuels releases carbon in the atmosphere, in this way carbon moves from lithosphere to atmosphere.
