a) You're trying to justify that two sums equal to 180° are equal to each other. The <em>Transitive Property of Equality</em> is that justification.
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b) You're trying to justify that angles 3 and 6 are congruent. These are between the parallel lines, so are "interior" angles. They are on opposite sides of the transversal, so are "alternate" angles. They do not share a vertex, so cannot be vertical angles. The applicable theorem is the <em>Alternate Interior Angles Theorem</em>.