The correct option is D. all of the above
The correct answers are:
b. Human influenza a virus evolves escape variants, resulting in a distinctive cactus-shaped phylogeny.
All types of Human influenza viruses evolve to escape immunity induced by prior infections and vaccinations.
c. Measles experiences strong selection for escape variants, resulting in a phylogeny similar to a nonpathogenic species.
As a result of measles infection, specific antibody and CD4 and CD8 T cell responses are generated and contribute to virus clearance and protection from reinfection.
Answer:
- double membraned nucleus;
- i.cell wall and large permanent vacuole
Explanation:
nucleus of eukaryotic cell sarronded by double membrane in which its internal structure,bear genetic materials in chromosomes, in prokaryotic cell genetic materials exist independently in a circle DNA has nuclear material not surrounded by a double membrane.
Answer:
In order for a collision to be successful by resulting in a chemical reaction, A and B must collide with sufficient energy to break chemical bonds. ... This minimum energy with which molecules must be moving in order for a collision to result in a chemical reaction is known as the activation energy.
