Answer:
(a) The probability is 0.6514
(b) The probability is 0.7769
Step-by-step explanation:
If the number of accidents occur according to a poisson process, the probability that x accidents occurs on a given day is:
![P(x)=\frac{e^{-at}*(at)^{x} }{x!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=P%28x%29%3D%5Cfrac%7Be%5E%7B-at%7D%2A%28at%29%5E%7Bx%7D%20%7D%7Bx%21%7D)
Where a is the mean number of accidents per day and t is the number of days.
So, for part (a), a is equal to 3/7 and t is equal to 1 day, because there is a rate of 3 accidents every 7 days.
Then, the probability that a given day has no accidents is calculated as:
![P(x)=\frac{e^{-3/7}*(3/7)^{x}}{x!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=P%28x%29%3D%5Cfrac%7Be%5E%7B-3%2F7%7D%2A%283%2F7%29%5E%7Bx%7D%7D%7Bx%21%7D)
![P(0)=\frac{e^{-3/7}*(3/7)^{0}}{0!}=0.6514](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=P%280%29%3D%5Cfrac%7Be%5E%7B-3%2F7%7D%2A%283%2F7%29%5E%7B0%7D%7D%7B0%21%7D%3D0.6514)
On the other hand the probability that February has at least one accident with a personal injury is calculated as:
P(x≥1)=1 - P(0)
Where P(0) is calculated as:
![P(x)=\frac{e^{-at}*(at)^{x} }{x!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=P%28x%29%3D%5Cfrac%7Be%5E%7B-at%7D%2A%28at%29%5E%7Bx%7D%20%7D%7Bx%21%7D)
Where a is equivalent to (3/7)(1/8) because that is the mean number of accidents with personal injury per day, and t is equal to 28 because 4 weeks has 28 days, so:
![P(x)=\frac{e^{-(3/7)(1/8)(28)}*((3/7)(1/8)(28))^{x}}{x!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=P%28x%29%3D%5Cfrac%7Be%5E%7B-%283%2F7%29%281%2F8%29%2828%29%7D%2A%28%283%2F7%29%281%2F8%29%2828%29%29%5E%7Bx%7D%7D%7Bx%21%7D)
![P(0)=\frac{e^{-(3/7)(1/8)(28)}*((3/7)(1/8)(28))^{0}}{0!}=0.2231](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=P%280%29%3D%5Cfrac%7Be%5E%7B-%283%2F7%29%281%2F8%29%2828%29%7D%2A%28%283%2F7%29%281%2F8%29%2828%29%29%5E%7B0%7D%7D%7B0%21%7D%3D0.2231)
Finally, P(x≥1) is:
P(x≥1) = 1 - 0.2231 = 0.7769