A manufacturer tries to benefit by using scarce resources in the following ways -
Scarce resources will reduce the cost of production leading to maximum profits.
Lesser cost of production will make it more budget friendly and popular among the customers.
Because of better margins, business can invest in research and development to offer better quality products to its customers.
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The price of the stock 19 years from now would be the present value of all the dividends to be paid starting year 20. Here, to compute the PV of the dividends, we can use the PV of perpetuity formula as the dividends will be paid for the infinite period of time.
Value of the stock after 19 years = Dividend year 20/ required return
= $20 / 0.0725
= $275.86
Answer:
€928.46
Explanation:
Since it was hinted that bonds issued outside of the United States pay coupons annually, it is expected that the bonds issued in Germany pay annual coupons, and its price is computed below using the bond price formula, excel PV function, and financial calculator:
Bond price=face value/(1+r)^n+annual coupon*(1-(1+r)^-n/r
face value=€1,000
r=yield to maturity=8.7%
n=number of annual coupons in 10 years=10
annual coupon=face value*coupon rate=€1,000*7.6%=€76
bond price=1000/(1+8.7%)^10+76*(1-(1+8.7%)^-10/8.7%
bond price=1000/(1.087)^10+76*(1-(1.087)^-10/0.087
bond price=1000/2.30300797+76*(1-0.43421474)/0.087
bond price=1000/2.30300797+76*0.56578526/0.087
bond price= 434.21+494.25= €928.46
Excel PV function:
=-pv(rate,nper,pmt,fv)
=-pv(8.7%,10,76,1000)
pv=€928.46
Financial calculator:
N=10
PMT=76
I/Y=8.7
FV=1000
CPT PV=€928.46
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