Answer:
1. Nutrientes:
- alimento
- oxígeno (O2)
2. Productos de la nutrición animal:
- residuos orgánicos
- dióxido de carbono (CO2)
Explanation:
Los alimentos son sustancias químicas que los animales ingieren a fin de que el organismo transforme dichos compuestos en nutrientes los cuales son requieridos para la generación, el crecimiento y la reconstrucción de células y tejidos.
El oxígeno (O2) es un nutriente escencial para la vida el cual se absorbe mediante el proceso de respiración. Este proceso posibilita la absorción de otros nutrientes obtenidos a través de la alimentación.
Los residuos orgánicos representan productos de la nutrición animal los cuales se descomponen naturalmente para formar parte de la materia orgánica. En animales, los desechos órganicos son eliminados a través de los excrementos o en la orina.
El dióxido de Carbono (CO2) es un producto de la respiración. En animales, la respiración celular consume oxígeno y compuestos orgánicos con el objetivo de producir energía en forma de ATP. Como concecuencia del proceso de respiración, los animales liberan CO2 al medio ambiente.
Answer:
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Answer:
Since high ethanol is a major stress during ethanol fermentation, ethanol-tolerant yeast strains are highly desirable for ethanol production on an industrial scale. A technology called global transcriptional machinery engineering (gTME), which exploits a mutant SPT15 library that encodes the TATA-binding protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Alper et al., 2006; Science 314: 1565-1568), appears to be a powerful tool. to create ethanol tolerant strains. However, the ability of the strains created to tolerate high ethanol content in rich media remains to be demonstrated. In this study, a similar strategy was used to obtain five strains with higher ethanol tolerance (ETS1-5) of S. cerevisiae. When comparing the global transcriptional profiles of two selected strains ETS2 and ETS3 with that of the control, 42 genes that were commonly regulated with a double change were identified. Of the 34 deletion mutants available in an inactivated gene library, 18 were sensitive to ethanol, suggesting that these genes were closely associated with tolerance to ethanol.
Explanation:
Eight of them were novel and most were functionally unknown. To establish a basis for future industrial applications, the iETS2 and iETS3 strains were created by integrating the SPT15 mutant alleles of ETS2 and ETS3 into the chromosomes, which also exhibited increased tolerance to ethanol and survival after ethanol shock in a rich medium. Fermentation with 20% glucose for 24 h in a bioreactor revealed that iETS2 and iETS3 grew better and produced approximately 25% more ethanol than a control strain. The performance and productivity of ethanol also improved substantially: 0.31 g / g and 2.6 g / L / h, respectively, for the control and 0.39 g / g and 3.2 g / L / h, respectively, for iETS2 and iETS3.
Therefore, our study demonstrates the utility of gTME in generating strains with increased tolerance to ethanol that resulted in increased ethanol production. Strains with increased tolerance to other stresses such as heat, fermentation inhibitors, osmotic pressure, etc., can be further created using gTME.
Answer:
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Explanation:
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Newton proved that the force that causes, for example, an apple to fall toward the ground is the same force that causes the moon to fall around, or orbit, the Earth. This universal force also acts between the Earth and the Sun, or any other star and its satellites. Each attracts the other.
