Answer:
Explanation:what do you mean?
Answer:
the fundamental unit of heredity
Explanation:
DNA is a double stranded helix structure. Each strand is made up of a string of nucleotides.
A gene is a region of DNA, usually tens of thousands of nucleotides long. At the simplest level, one gene encodes for one trait. Therefore, the gene can be described as the fundamental unit of heredity.
Genes work by coding for specific proteins, which carry out essentially all the functions in the cell.
We examined the biogeographic patterns implied by early hominid phylogenies and compared them to the known dispersal patterns of Plio-Pleistocene African mammals. All recent published phylogenies require between four and seven hominid dispersal events between southern Africa, eastern Africa, and the Malawi Rift, a greater number of dispersals than has previously been supposed. Most hominid species dispersed at the same time and in the same direction as other African mammals. However, depending on the ages of critical hominid specimens, many phylogenies identify at least one hominid species that dispersed in the direction opposite that of contemporaneous mammals. This suggests that those hominids may have possessed adaptations that allowed them to depart from continental patterns of mammalian dispersal.
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Process of Electron Transport Chain (ETC), is a series of transferring from electron donors to their acceptors. It basically means a transfer from high energy molecule to a low-energy molecule. This process of extracting energy by transfer is classified as a chemical reaction and we see it is the path taken of cellular respiration (NADH) and FADH2) and in photosynthesis, NADPH. It starts with an electron, NADH and FADH2, when the electron donors release a proton gradient and it creates an imbalance. Think of it as a see-saw with one heavy person on one end and a lighter one on the other end. The protons actually attempt to defuse back across this see-saw of a membrane and it releases energy during the cross over which we call Chemiosmosis.
If the stimulus frequency is so high that the relaxation phase disappears completely, contractions become continuous in a process called complete tetanus.
What is tetanic contraction?
- When the motor neuron that innervates a skeletal muscle generates action potentials at an extremely rapid rate, a persistent muscular contraction known as a tetanic contraction is induced.
- A motor unit has experienced its motor neuron's maximum stimulation during this state, which lasts for a while. This happens when several impulses with a high enough frequency excite the motor unit of a muscle.
- Every trigger results in a twitch. A slow enough stimulus delivery will cause the muscular tension to release between each succeeding twitch. High frequency stimulation will cause the twitches to overlap, which will cause tetanic contraction.
Learn more about the Nervous system with the help of the following link:
brainly.com/question/3239081
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