Examples of barriers to entry include Patents.
<h3>What Are Barriers to Entry? </h3>
A term used in economics and business to describe variables that can deter or make it difficult for newcomers to enter a market or industry sector and so limit competition is "barriers to entry." These might include prohibitive startup fees, bureaucratic roadblocks, or other barriers that make it difficult for new rivals to enter a market. Existing businesses win from entrance barriers because they preserve their market share and capacity to make money.
There are four main types of barriers to entry:
- legal (patents/licenses),
- technical (high start-up costs/monopoly/technical knowledge),
- strategic (predatory pricing/first mover),
- brand loyalty.
Most people think of patents as temporary entry barriers put in place by the government. Patent protection, however, typically restricts access rather than blocking it. A business may enter a market that is protected as long as its product complies with a minimum standard of novelty and does not violate any active patents.
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Answer:
a)
Pre-tax Cost Of Debt = 7.64%
b)
Tax Rate = 40%
Post Tax cost of debt = 7.33% * (1 - 40%) = 4.58%
So Post Tax cost of Debt = 4.58%
Explanation:
Bond Par Value = 12,900,000
Bond Market Price 93% of face value = 11,997,000
Years To maturity = 5.00
Annual Interest 5.9% = 761,100
Formula = [Annual Interest + (Par Value-Market Value) / Years to Maturity] / [(Par value+Market Price*2)/3]
Year To Maturity = [761100 + (12900000 - 11997000) / 5] / (12900000 + 2*11997000) / 3
Year to maturity = 7.33%
Answer:
Based on the EMV value, the best choice is to use Two suppliers
Explanation:
Is necessary to consider different amount of suppliers and evaluate the cost. We will choose the number of suppliers which offers a lower cost.
- EMV1 = cost of shutdown*super event risk + cost of shutdown*unique event risk + cost of managing supplier = 480000*.02 + 480000*0.05+16000 = 9600 + 24000 + 16000 = $ 49600
- EMV2 = cost of shutdown*super event risk + cost of shutdown*unique event risk of each supplier*unique event risk of each supplier + cost of managing 2 suppliers = 480000*.02 + 480000*0.05*.05+16000*2 = 9600 + 1200 + 16000*2 = $ 42800
- EMV3 = cost of shutdown*super event risk + cost of managing 3 suppliers = 480000*.02 + 480000*0.05*.05+16000*2 = 9600 + 16000*3 = $ 57600
Based on the EMV value, the best choice is to use Two suppliers
D.) The EPA
The United<span> States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)</span><span> is an agency made by the </span>federal<span> government of the </span>United<span> States for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress.</span>
The summary .................. including trade, FOREIGN AID and the remittance............. Balance of payment is the record of all economic transactions between the residents of a country and the rest of the world in a particular period of time. A balance of payment allows a country to monitor its import and export rates.
