Answer:
The six essential elements are as follows:
The World in Spatial Terms: How are things spaced out, why are they spaced out that way
Places & Regions: Specific areas and what defines them.
Physical Systems: Physical Geography(mountains, rivers, etc)
Human Systems: Populations and how they interact (cultures, religions, economic activities, migration and their movements)
Environment and Society: I don't think this one needs an explanation
The Uses of Geography: Just as the name of this implies it's how geography is used.
The striking feature of the Jacksonian era was an increase in the influence of the common man.
The study of earth, like map reading, locations on the map, countries, continents, seas/oceans/lakes, mountains/hills (best way I could explain it, sorry if it doesnt make sense)
Human rights such as liberty and the pursuit of happiness