Dyspnea on exertion is a manifestation of the central nervous system observed in a client with breathing disorder. This manifestation indicates inadequate oxygenation in the body. Dyspnea on exertion is characterized by the sensation of difficulty breathing. It usually occurs for cardiac and pulmonary causes, but can be caused by a variety of other conditions. Dyspnea can happen through various mechanisms, such as:
When the oxygen concentration in the air is low, as at high altitudes;
When something obstructs the airways;
When the heart is weak or there is some obstruction to the blood flow and it is not possible to bring oxygenated blood to the tissues;
When there is a problem in the lung that prevents the exchange of gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen);
When blood cannot properly carry oxygen, such as severe anemia or malformed red blood cells.
