The last one because then the people of the nation feel incorporated into the nation, but don't have full control, and so they feel they are a part of something bigger than themselves which ensures their loyalty
The society has been industrialized.
It began when the representatives of the Third Estate chose a new king, created the National Assembly and pledged to create a Constitution.
It officially began with the storming of the Bastille on July 14th, 1789
Religious figures such as ministers who had different religious perspectives or ideas set up colleges around New England where they would be better able to preserve those ideas and be able to practice their specific religious thoughts and beliefs with other believers, as well as people who were interested and wanted to convert.
Hope it helps.